Personal Information

Name
Neil Kaplowitz, M.D.

Business Address
Dept. of Medicine, USC School of Medicine
AHC 127, 1355 San Pablo St., Los Angeles, CA 90033
E-mail: kaplowit@hsc.usc.edu

Business Telephone
(323) 442-5576
FAX #: (323) 442-5567

Education

1960, Stuyvesant High School, New York, New York
1964, B.S., New York University-University College-Cum Laude
1967, M.D., New York University School of Medicine

Board Certification

Diplomat, National Board of Medical Examiners, 1968
Board Qualified, American Board of Internal Medicine, 1970
Certified Internal Medicine, 1975
Certified Gastroenterology, 1975
License: California 1975 to present

Clinical Training

1967-1968 Intern in Medicine, Bellevue Hospital, New York
1968-1969 Junior Assistant Resident in Medicine, Bellevue Hospital and New York University Hospital
1969-1970 Senior Assistant Resident in Medicine, Albert Einstein Medical Center, Bronx, New York
1970-1971 Assistant Resident Physician, Rockefeller University Hospital
1970-1972 Gastroenterology Fellow, Cornell University Medical College, New York Hospital

Research Training

1966-1967 Senior medical student 6 month elective with Dr. N. Javitt at New York University School of Medicine - porphyrin and bile salt metabolism.
1970-1971 Guest Investigator, Rockefeller University in laboratory of Dr. A. Kappas - porphyrin metabolism and transport.
1971-1973 Research in bile acid metabolism with Dr. N. Javitt-serum bile acids in liver disease, electrophoretic separation of BA conjugates in intestinal content, and the bile acid sulfates.
1973-1975 Independent studies with GSH S-transferases at Clinical Investigation Center, Naval Regional Medical Center, Oakland California.

Faculty Appointments

1971-1972 Instructor in Medicine, Cornell University Medical College
1972-1973 Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine, Cornell University Medical College
1975-1977 Assistant Professor, UCLA School of Medicine
1977-1982 Associate Professor of Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine
1978-1989 Affiliated Investigator, Center for Ulcer Research
1975-1989 Coordinator for Liver Disease, UCLA Affiliated Hospitals
1975-1979 Chief, Hepatology, Wadsworth VA Hospital, Los Angeles
1980-1989 Chief, Gastroenterology/Hepatology Section, Wadsworth VA Hospital
1980-1984 Director, UCLA-Wadsworth Gastroenterology/Hepatology Fellowship Training Program
1981-1984 Coordinator for Gastroenterology/Hepatology, UCLA School of Medicine
1982-1990 Professor of Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine (Thru step V)
1990- Professor of Medicine, USC School of Medicine Chief, Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases
1990- Chief, Gastroenterology Section, Los Angeles VA Outpatient Clinic
1992- Professor of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Southern California, School of Pharmacy
1993- Professor of Physiology, USC School of Medicine
1994- Director, USC Liver Diseases Research Center (NIDDK Digestive Disease Core Center Grant)

Military Service

1973-1975 Clinical Investigation Center, Naval Hospital, Oakland, California (Berry Plan in Research)

Societies

American Federation for Clinical Research, 1972
American Association for the Study of Liver Disease (AASLD), 1972
Western Society for Clinical Research, 1976
Southern California Gastroenterology Society, 1980
Southern California Liver Research Forum (Founder), 1979
American Gastroenterology Association, 1980
American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 1980
American Society for Clinical Investigation, 1980
International Biliary Association, 1981
International Association for Study of Liver Disease, 1981
Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine, 1983
American Physiological Society, 1983
Western Association of Physicians, 1983
Research Society on Alcoholism 1987
Association American Physicians 1988
European Association for the Study of the Liver, 1994
Fellow, American College of Gastroenterology, 1995

Editorial Activities

Annals of Internal Medicine
Gastroenterology
Consultant for Federal Trade Commission - (1976)
Staff Contributor to Selected Summaries in Gastroenterology - 1977-1981
Science
Drug Metabolism and Distribution
J. Clin. Invest.
Digestive Diseases and Sciences
J. Pharm. Exp. Therap.
Tox. Appl. Pharm.
J. Nutrition
Biochim. Biophys Acta
Biochem Pharm.
J. Biol. Chem.
Guest Editor, Seminars in Liver Diseases, Drug Hepatotoxicity, 1990
Editor, Liver and Biliary Diseases, Williams & Wilkins 1992 and 1995
Editorial Board, Pharmacology - 1978-present
Editorial Board, Am J Physiology - 1979-present
Editorial Board, Gastroenterology - 1980-1985
Editorial Board, Hepatology - 1980-1985; 1991-present
Editorial Advisory Board, Pharmaceutical Research, 1995-1998
Associate Editor, Hepatology - 1985-1990
Associate Editor, Am., J. Physiol. (Gastrointestinal and Liver) - 1991-1997
Associate Editor, Gastroenterology 1996-2001
Editorial Board, J Biol Chem 1996-2001

University + Hospital Committees

Library Committee - 1975-1978
Medical Audit Committee - 1976-1977
Social Coordinator, Wadsworth VA Medical Faculty - 1975-1979
Ad Hoc Medical Care Committee - 1976-1977
Human Rights Committee - 1978-1980
Education Committee, CURE - 1980-present
Committee Appointments and Promotions (UCLA) - 1979-1985
UCLA AD Hoc Committee to Establish a Toxicology Center - 1980
Search Committee for CURE Director - 1981
UCLA Ad Hoc Committee to Establish a Research Track in Medical Residencies- 1981
Chairman, Subspecialty Training Ad Hoc Committee, Wadsworth - 1982
Search Committee, Nephrology Wadsworth - 1985-1986
Search Committee, Cardiology, Wadsworth - 1986-present
Chairman, Search Committee for Chief of Psychiatry, Wadsworth 1986-1987
Chairman, R & D Committee, VAOPC 1990-present
Search Committee, Chair Dept. Physiology, USC School of Medicine, 1992
Planning Committee, Transplantation Biology Research Building, USC School of Medicine, 1992
Academic Senate, USC 1992 - subcommittee
Chairman, Resident Review Committee, VAOPC 1992-present
Member, Research Design Team, subcommittee on criteria for research space allocation, USC, 1995
Department of Medicine Steering Committee for Productivity Criteria, 1995

Planning Committee VA Co-op Studies

Asymptomatic Chronic Active Hepatitis Treatment 1979
LeVeen Shunt for Ascites 1978 (funded 1979-84)

National Committees

Advisory Board, UCSF Liver Center (Director, R. Schmid) 1981-1985
Research Committee AASLD, 1979-1982; Chairman 1980-1982
Program Selection Committee: AGA 1980-present; AASLD 1980-present; Western AFCR 1981 and 1982; National ASCI, Chairman GI Selection, 1985
Am. College of Physicians-Medical College Self -Assessment test and review (MKSAP VI) for Liver and BiliaryTract, 1980-1982
Council, Western Gut Club 1981-1984
President, Western Gut Club 1983-1984
Steering Committee, Gastroenterology Research Group 1981-1985; 1990-1994
Council, Western Society for Clinical Investigation 1983-1987
Gastroenterology Advisory Committee, Veterans Administration 1982-1985
Scientific Advisory Board, American Liver Foundation 1983-1988
Council - ASCI 1983-1984
President Elect, WSCI 1984-1985; President WSCI 1985-1986
Nominating Committee, AASLD 1985
Ad Hoc member, GCN Study Section (NIH) - 2/85
AGA Research Committee 1985-1988
AGA Nominating Committee 1986-87
Member, GMA-2, NIH Study Section 1986-1990
AASLD Research Committee 1988-1990
NIH Reviewers Reserve (NRR) 1990-1994
NIH, GMA-1 Special Study Section, 1990; 1991; 1992
AGA/Industry Research Scholar Award Committee 1993-1996
Special Review Group, NIDDK Core Center grants, 1995
Councilor, AASLD (1993-1996), President-Elect (1997), President (1998)
Vice-Chair for Research, Board of Directors, and Chairman, Scientific Advisory Council, American Liver Foundation, 1994-1996
DDW Council, 1996 -

Peer-Review Funding

Principal Investigator:

VA Merit Review (Detoxification Processes in the Liver) 1976-1979; 1979-1982; 1982-1988, 1988-1993; 1993-1998 (10% effort) Current annual direct = $92,000

NIH-NIDDK RO-1 (Hepatic GSH transport) 1982-1987; 1987-1992, 1992-2000 (35% effort) MERIT AWARD Current annual direct = $232,000

NIAAA RO-1 (Effect of ethanol on hepatic GSH homeostasis) 1993-1996; 1996-2001, (10% effort) Current annual direct = $149,500

NIH-GM RO-1 (Brain GSH transport) 1996-2000 (10% effort) Current annual direct pending

NIDDK Core Center - USC Center for Liver Diseases 1995-2000 (20% effort) Current annual direct = $447,000

Co-Principal Investigator:

NIH-NIE (GSH transport in the lens) 1996-2000, (5% effort) - P.I. Ram Kannan, Ph.D.

Collaborator:

NIH-NIA (Effect of aging on interorgan GSH homeostasis) 1995-2000 (2% effort) - P.I. - Murad Ookhtens, Ph.D.

NIH-NIDDK (Microcystin transport) 1996-1999 (2% effort) - P.I. Maria Runnegar

Honors and Awards

Park Hill Historical Honor Society
Phi Beta Kappa
Alpha Omega Alpha
Teacher of the Year - Wadsworth VA - 1977-1978
American Society for Clinical Investigation 1980
Western Gastroenterology Research Prize 1986
Association American Physicians 1988
NIH Merit Award 1992
William S. Middleton Award 1993 (Department of Veterans Affairs)
Solomon A. Berson Medical Alumni Achievement Award in Clinical Science (N.Y.U. School of Medicine) 1994

Post-Doctoral Fellows

1977-1978: Parviz Afshani, M.D., Glenn Littenberg, M.D., Angelos Afroudakis, M.D.

1978-1979: Parviz Afshani, M.D., Shelly Ludwig, M.D., Tadataka Yamada, M.D. (VA Research Associate)

1979-1980: David Eberle, M.D., Yuichi Sugiyama, Ph.D.,

1980-1981: James Touloukian, M.D. (N.I.H. Training grant), Yuichi Sugiyama, Ph.D. David Eberle, M.D.

1981-1982: John Roark, M.D. (N.I.H. Training grant), John Petrini, M.D., David Eberle, M.D., Yuichi Sugiyama, Ph.D.

1981 & 1982: Natalie Tauzin (summer student)

1982-1983: Motonobu Sugimoto, M.D., Andrew Stolz, M.D. (N.I.H. Training grant); (ALF award) John Petrini, M.D., Tak Yee Aw, Ph.D.

1984-: Clement Ren (summer student ALF award)

1983-1984: Motonobu Sugimoto, M.D., Andrew Stolz, M.D. (N.I.H. Training grant)

1983-1984: Chris Corvasce, M.D. (N.I.H. Training grant), Tak Yee Aw, Ph.D. (SKB Fellowship), Andrew Stolz, M.D. (V.A. Associate Investigator;) (ALF award)

1984-1985: Hajime Takikawa, M.D., Phil Hanna, M.D. (N.I.H. Training grant), Tak Yee Aw, Ph.D.

1985-1986: Hajime Takikawa, M.D., Joerk Weiser, M.D., Robert Gish, M.D. (NIH Physician Scientist), Andrew Stolz, M.D. (VA Assoc. Investigator), Eve Kirschner, M.D., Jose Fernandez-Checa, Ph.D.

1986: Irene Ren (summer student ALF award)-OSGOOD AWARD

1986-1987: Robert Gish, M.D. (NIH Physician Scientist), Andrew Stolz, M.D., Eve Kirschner, M.D. (NIH Training grant and ALF fellowship), Clement Ren - Student, Jose Fernandez-Checa, Ph.D. (ALF fellowship), Shelly Lu, M.D., Milagros Salas-Prato, Ph.D. (SKB fellowship), Soraya Ross, M.D.

1987: Irene Ren (summer student ALF award), Michel Mendler (summer student ALF award)

1987-1988: Robert Gish, M.D. (NIH Physician Scientist), Jose Fernandez-Checa, Ph.D. (SKB and ALF fellowship), Shelly Lu, M.D. (NIH Training Grant), Stuart Sherman, M.D., Eugene Chan, M.D. (NIH Training Grant), Milagros-Salas-Prato, Ph.D., Wataru Yamamuro, M.D., Eric Jeandidier, M.D.

1988-1989: Eugene Chan, M.D. (NIH Training Grant and VA Assoc. Investigator), Laurie DeLeve, M.D., Ph.D. (NIH Training Grant), Wataru Yamamuro, M.D., Eric Jeandidier, M.D

1988-1989: Haruhiko Yoshida, M.D., Jose Fernandez-Checa, Ph.D.

1989-1990: Eugene Chan, M.D. (VA Assoc. Investigator and ALF award), Laurie DeLeve, M.D. (NIH Training Grant), Lori Kam, M.D. (NIH Training Grant), Wataru Yamamuro, M.D., Haruhiko Yoshida, M.D., Hideki Saiki, M.D., Mark Yusin (USC Medical Student)

1990-1991: Lori Kam, M.D. (NIH T32 trainee), Hideki Saiki, M.D., Estella Alonso, M.D. (NIH F32 trainee), Takeshi Hirano, M.D.

1991-1992: Manabu Watanabe, M.D., Takeshi Hirano, M.D., Haig Najarian (USC Medical Student), Edward Wong, M.D.

1992-1993: Manabu Watanabe, M.D., Ed Wong, M.D., Carolyn Holeski, M.D., Ph.D., Kosho Tsukahara, M.D.

1993-1994: Carolyn Holeski, M.D., Ph.D. (NIH F32 Trainee), Kosho Tsukahara, M.D., Keivan Golchini, M.D., Sarwatt Mahmud, M.D., Ramin Javaheri (USC Medical Student)

1994-1995: Kosho Tsukahara, M.D., Sarwatt Mahmud, M.D., Ramin Javaheri (USC Medical Student), Bret Peterson (Washington University Medical Student- Summer), Xiaobing Ling, Ph.D.

1995-1996: Guoping Feng, (Ph.D. student, Molecular Pharm/Toxicol, School of Pharmacy), Xiaobing Ling, Ph.D.

VA Career Development Preceptor

1979-1981 Tadataka Yamada, M.D., Research Associate

1980 David Eberle, M.D., Associate Investigator

1984-1986, 1988-1992 Andrew Stolz, M.D., Associate Investigator and Research Associate

1982-1988 Calvin Olson, M.D., Associate Investigator and Research Associate

1989-1990 Eugene Chan, M.D., Associate Investigator

Current Faculty Positions of Former Fellows, Post-docs, and Research Associates

Tak Yee Aw, Ph.D. * - Associate Professor, Physiology Department LSU School of Medicine Shreveport, LA

Laurie DeLeve, M.D., Ph.D.* - Assistant Professor of Medicine USC School of Medicine

Jose Fernandez-Checa, Ph.D.*- Associate Professor of Biochemistry University of Barcelona, Spain

Ram Kannan, Ph.D. * - Professor of Research Medicine USC School of Medicine

Shelly Lu, M.D. * - Assistant Professor of Medicine USC School of Medicine

Murad Ookhtens, Ph.D. * - Associate Professor of Medicine USC School of Medicine

Maria Runnegar, Ph.D. * - Associate Professor of Research Medicine USC School of Medicine

Milagros Salas-Prato, Ph.D. - Research Associate Professor University of Montreal

Andrew Stolz, M.D. * - Associate Professor of Medicine USC School of Medicine

Motonobu Sugimoto, M.D. - Professor of Medicine Toho University School of Medicine, JAPAN

Yuichi Sugiyama, Ph.D. - Professor, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, JAPAN

Hajime Takikawa, M.D. - Associate Professor of Medicine Teikyo University School of Medicine, JAPAN

Tadataka Yamada, M.D. * - Chairman, Dept. of Medicine University of Michigan School of Medicine

Wataru Yamamuro, M.D. - Assistant Professor of Medicine Toho University School of Medicine, JAPAN

Haruhiko Yoshida, M.D. - Assistant Professor of Medicine Dokyo School of Medicine, JAPAN

* NIH funded P.I.

Special Invited Lectures and Seminars

Research Seminar, Dept. of Medicine, Stanford University Medical School, 12/78
Research Seminar, Dept. of Medicine, UCSD, 4/79
Visiting Professor, Kern County Medical Center, Bakersfield (one week) 9/79; 3/82
Liver Center Seminar, UCSF, 12/80
Toxicology Lecture, Dept. of Pharmacology, UCSF, 12/80
Grand Rounds, Beth Israel Hospital, Boston, 12/80
Visiting Professor of Hepatology, Yale University, 4/81
Rockefeller University Toxicology Seminar, 5/81
Visiting Professor of Gastroenterology, Argentine Gastroenterology Society, 10/81
Toxicology Seminar, Department of Pharmacology, University of Hannover, Germany, 6/82
Research Seminar, INSERM, Hospital Beaujon, Clichy, France, 6/82
Research Seminar, Univ. of Iowa, 5/84
Visiting Professor - U. Michigan, 5/84
Research Seminar and Grand Rounds -- Rush Medical College, Chicago, 7/84
Research Seminar, Vanderbilt University, 10/84
Interdepartmental UCLA conference: Drug-induced Liver Disease, 4/85
Research Seminar, Children's Hospital - USC, 3/85
Research Seminar, UCSD, 4/85
Visiting Professor, Northwestern University, 6/85
Research Seminar, Biochemistry Department, Emory University
Visiting Professor, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 4/86
Visiting Professor, University of Cincinnati, 10/86
Visiting Professor, Liver Center, University of Minnesota, 11/86
Visiting Professor, John Hopkins School of Medicine, 2/87
Visiting Professor, UCSF Liver Center, 4/87
Visiting Professor, Washington University, St. Louis, 11/87
Invited Lecture, Philadelphia GI Training group, 1/88
Visiting Professor, University of Maryland, 4/88
60th Anniversary Lecture, Second Department of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan, 12/88
Lecture, Second Department of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 12/88
Visiting Professor, University of Michigan, 4/89
Visiting Professor, Mayo Clinic, 7/89
Visiting Professor of Physiology, LSU School of Medicine, Shreveport, 3/90
Invited Lecture, Spanish Scientific Research Council, Madrid, 11/90
Visiting Professor, University of Arizona, 12/90
Visiting Professor, University of Washington, 10/91
Visiting Professor, University of Wisconsin, 11/91
Visiting Professor, Duke University, 9/92
Visiting Professor, LSU Shreveport, Dept. of Physiology, 4/94
Visiting Professor, Emory University, Department of Medicine and Biochemistry 4/94
Visiting Professor, San Francisco General Hospital, UCSF 5/94
Research Seminar, Division of Gastroenterology, Univ. Colorado School of Medicine, 8/95
Research Seminar, Medical University of South Carolina, 8/95

Participation in National and International Scientific Meetings

"Alcohol-Drug Interactions," talk given at Course on Alcohol and Liver, AASLD, Chicago, 11/81
Gordon Conference on Drug Metabolism, Invited Lecture, Hepatic GSH Homeostasis, 7/82
ACP, National Mtg, San Francisco 4/83 Panel on Drug-Induced Liver Disease + Chair, Update on Hepatic Disease Workshop on Hepatocyte Death, Chicago, 11/83 - invited presentation
Falk Liver Meeting - Hepatic Injury, Basel 10/83, Two Invited Lectures - Endotoxin; PTU International Bile Salt Meeting - Berne 9/84 - Invited Talk on Cytosolic Bile Acid Binders Moderator & Organizer, GRG Symposium on Regulation and Functions of Glutathione, Chicago, 11/84
Pediatric Society of N. America, Research Symposium, Phoenix, Arizona, 3/86 - invited faculty
Moderator and overview, Topic Forum on Oxyradicals and Liver, AGA, 5/87
Chairman, Organizing Committee, NIH Conference on Toxic Oxygen and Liver Disease, 9/87
"Alcohol, GSH and Hepatotoxicity", talk given at Bristol Myers Symposium on Nutrition and Disease, San Francisco, 9/87
Moderator, Hepatotoxicity Working Party, Annual Meeting AASLD, Chicago, 10/87
Moderator and overview, Topic Forum on Hepatotoxicity, AGA, 5/88 "GSH as a Protective Agent in the Gut", International Conference on Gastroenteric Biology, Oxnard, California, 10/88
"Vitamin E: Biochemistry and Health Implications", NY Academy of Science: Talk on Cytosolic Tocopherol Binders, 10/88
"Role of Drug Metabolism in Hepatotoxicity", Talk at AASLD Postgraduate Course, Chicago, 11/88
"Glutathione: 100 Years of Progress", State of the Art Lecture: AASLD Annual Meeting, Chicago, 11/88
"Glutathione Centennial: Molecular and Clinical Perspectives", 12/88 Osaka, Japan - invited lecture
Tokyo Forum on Hepatic Transport and Detoxification, Tokyo, Japan, 12/88 - invited keynote lecture
Pharmacokinetics Symposium, Japanese Society for the Study of Xenobiotics, Tokyo, Japan, 12/88 - invited keynote lecture
Mathematical modeling of liver excretory processes, Tokyo, Japan 6/90 - invited presentation
Moderator, Hepatotoxicity Working Party, Annual Meeting AASLD, Chicago 11/90 "GSH Metabolism", invited lecture, Western Assoc. Physicians, Carmel, CA, 2/91
Organizer, Research Workshop AASLD, 11/91 - Role of Cytokines in Inflammation.
Organizer, GRG Symposium, 5/92 - Role of adhesion molecules in leukocyte-endothelial interactions
Toho University Foundation Lecture 7/92 - "GSH transport in hepatocytes vesicles and xenopus oocytes"
USC Hawaii Internal Medicine Refresher Course 8/92
Falk Symposium, International Workshop - Functions of GSH in Gut and Liver, 10/92 Basel, Switzerland
NIH Workshop, Veno-occlusive Disease, 2/93 - Invited talk
ACP 4/93 - 3 Invited talks - Washington, DC
Moderator, Oxidant Stress Workshop, AASLD Annual Meeting, 1993
Falk Symposium, Transport in the Liver, 1/94 Heidelberg, Germany - Invited talk
Oxidants and Antioxidants in Biology, 2/94 Pasadena, CA - Invited talk
"Meet the Investigator" DDW, New Orleans 5/94
Research Society of Alcoholism, Invited talk, 6/94, Maui
Gordon conference, Drug Metabolism, 7/94, NH - Invited talk
Meet the Professor Lunch and Section Moderator, DDW Course, San Diego, CA 5/95
Invited lecture, Spanish Gastroenterology Society, Madrid 6/95
Organizer and speaker, AASLD Single Topic Conference, "Oxidant Stress and the Liver", Arlie, VA 7/95
Gordon Conference, Alcohol and Cell Injury, 1/96, Ventura - Invited talk

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Peer-reviewed Research Papers:

1. Kaplowitz N, Javitt N, and Harber L: Isolation of erythrocytes with normal protoporphyrin levels in erythropoietic protoporphyria. N Eng J Med 278:l077 l08l, l968.

2. Kaplowitz N, Javitt N, and Kappas A: Coproporphyrin isomer excretion in bile and urine. J Clin Invest 5l:2895 2899, l972.

3. Meyers M, Kaplowitz N, and Bloom A: Malabsorption secondary to mesenteric ischemia. Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med ll9:352 358, l973.

4. Kaplowitz N and Javitt N: Quantitative analysis of unconjugated and conjugated bile acids in duodenal fluid by densitometry after paper electrophoretic separation. J Lipid Res l4:224 228, l973.

5. Kaplowitz N, Kok E, and Javitt N: Postprandial serum bile acid for the detection of hepatobiliary disease. JAMA 225:292 293, l973.

6. Kaplowitz N, Finlayson N, Walmsley P, et al: Hepatobiliary diseases associated with serum antimitochondrial antibody. Am J Med 54:725 730, l973.

7. Kaplowitz N, Percy Robb I, and Javitt N: Role of hepatic anion binding protein in bromsulphthalein conjugation. J Exp Med l83:483 487, l973.

8. Kaplowitz N, Kuhlenkamp J, and Clifton G: Drug induction of hepatic glutathione S transferases in male and female rats. Biochem J l46: 35l 356, l975.

9. Clifton G, Kaplowitz N, Wallin JD, and Kuhlenkamp J: Renal glutathione S transferases in male and female rats. Biochem J l50:259 262, l975.

10. Kaplowitz N, Kuhlenkamp J, and Clifton G (sponsor: Schmid R): Hepatic glutathione S transferases: Identification in gel filtration and in vitro inhibition by organic anions. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 149:234 237, 1975.

11. Kaplowitz N, Clifton G, Kuhlenkamp J, and Wallin JD: Comparison of renal and hepatic glutathione S transferases in the rat. Biochem J l58:243 248, l976.

12. Kaplowitz N: The enzymatic thiolysis of azathioprine in vitro. Biochem Pharmacology 25:242l 2426, l976.

13. Wallin JD, Ryals P, and Kaplowitz N: Metabolic clearance of furosemide in the rat. J Pharm Exp Therap 200:52 57, l977.

14. Clifton G and Kaplowitz N: The glutathione S transferases of the small intestine of the rat. Cancer Res 37:788 79l, l977.

15. Kaplowitz N: Interaction of azathioprine and GSH in the liver of the rat. J Pharmac Exp Therap 200:479 486, l977.

16. Lee P, Wallin JD, Kaplowitz N, et al: Endocrine and metabolic alterations with food and water deprivation. Am J Clin Nutrition 30:l953 l962, l977.

17. Kaplowitz N and Kuhlenkamp J: Inhibition of hepatic metabolism of azathioprine in vivo. Gastroenterology 74:90 92, l978.

18. Clifton G and Kaplowitz N: Effect of Dietary phenobarbital, 3, 4 benzo (a) pyrene and 3 methylcholanthrene on hepatic, intestinal and renal glutathione S transferase activities in the rat. Biochem Pharmac 27:l284 l287, l978.

19. Kaplowitz N, Spina C, Graham M, and Kuhlenkamp J: Glutathione S transferase in human lymphoid cell lines and fractionated peripheral leucocytes. Biochem J l69:465 470, l978.

20. Wallin JD, Clifton G, and Kaplowitz N: The effect of phenobarbital probenecid and diethyl maleate on the pharmacokinetics and biliary excretion of ethacrynic acid in the rat. J Pharm Exp Therap 205:47l 479, l978.

21. Afroudakis A, Buhta SM, Ranganath KA, and Kaplowitz N: Obstructive jaundice caused by hepatocellular carcinoma: report of three cases. Am J Dig Disease 23:609 6l7, l978.

22. Afshani P, Littenberg G, Wollman J, and Kaplowitz N: Significance of microscopic cholangitis in alcoholic liver disease. Gastroenterology 75:l045 l050, l978.

23. Casciato D, Klein C, and Kaplowitz N: Aplastic Anemia associated with type B viral hepatitis. Arch Int Med l38:l557 l558, l978.

24. Littenberg G, Afroudakis A, and Kaplowitz N: The clinical significance of serum alkaline phosphatase as a marker for common bile duct stenosis in alcoholic pancreatitis. Medicine 58:385 4l2, l979.

25. Kaplowitz N, Kuhlenkamp J, Goldstein L, and Reeve J: The effect of salicylates and phenobarbital on hepatic glutathione in the rat. J Pharm Exp Therap 2l2:240 245, l980.

26. Yamada T and Kaplowitz N: Propylthiouracil, a substrate for the glutathione S transferases that competes with GSH. J Biol Chem 255:3508 35l3, l980.

27. Yamada, T and Kaplowitz N: Binding of ethacrynic acid to the hepatic glutathione S transferases in vivo in the rat. Biochem Pharmac 29:l205 l208, l980.

28. Reeve J, Kuhlenkamp J, and Kaplowitz N: Quantitative separation of cysteine, g glutamylcysteine, and glutathione by high pressure liquid chromatography. J Chromatog l94:424 428, l980.

29. Ludwig S and Kaplowitz N: Effect of pyridoxine deficiency on serum and liver transaminases in experimental hepatotoxicity. Gastroenterology 79:545 549, l980.

30. Gudas J, Gluaumann H, Von Bahr C, and Kaplowitz N: Inhibition of hepatic azathioprine metabolism by furosemide in human liver in vitro. Biochem Pharmac 29:l439 l44l, l980.

31. Melmed S, Nelson M, Kaplowitz N, et al: Glutathione dependent thyroxine 5' monodeiodination modulates growth hormone production by nonthyrotropic rat pituitary tumor cells. Endocrinol l08: 970 976, l98l.

32. Afroudakis A and Kaplowitz N: Liver histopathology in common bile duct stenosis due to chronic alcoholic pancreatitis. Hepatology l:65 72, l98l.

33. Eberle D, Clarke R, and Kaplowitz N: Rapid oxidation in vitro of glutathione in bile. J Biol Chem 256:2ll5 2ll7, l98l.

34. Yamada T, Ludwig S, Kuhlenkamp J, and Kaplowitz N: Direct protection against acetaminophen toxicity by propylthiouracil: In vitro and in vivo studies in mice and rats. J Clin Invest 67:688 695, l98l.

35. Afroudakis A and Kaplowitz N: Extrahepatic obstruction in chronic alcoholic pancreatitis. Alcoholism: Clin and Exp Res, ll0 ll8, l98l.

36. Yamada T, Chopra I, and Kaplowitz N: On the mechanism of inhibition of hepatic thyroxine 5' monodeiodinase by propylthiouracil: Evidence for competition with glutathione. J Endoc Invest 4:379 387, l98l.

37. Knodell RG, Ishak KG, Black WC, Chen TS, Kaplowitz N, Kiernan TW, and Wollman J: Formulation and application of a numerical scoring system for assessing histological activity in asymptomatic chronic active hepatitis. Hepatology l:43l 435, l98l.

38. Sugiyama Y, Yamada T, and Kaplowitz N: Glutathione S transferases from Elasmobranch liver: Molecular heterogeneity, purification and binding properties. Biochem J l99:749 756, l98l.

39. Maitra S, Rachmilewitz D, Eberle D, and Kaplowitz N: Hepatocellular uptake and biliary excretion of endotoxin in the rat. Hepatology l:40l 407, l98l.

40. Sugiyama Y, Yamada T, and Kaplowitz N: Newly identified organic anion binding proteins in rat liver cytosol. Biochim Biophys Acta 709:342 352, l982.

41. Sugiyama Y, Yamada T, and Kaplowitz N: Identification of hepatic Z protein in a marine elasmobranch, Platyrhinoides triseriata. Biochem J 203:377 38l, l982.

42. Kaplowitz N, Eberle, D, Petrini J, Touloukian J, and Kuhlenkamp J: Factors influencing the efflux of GSH into bile in the rat. J Pharm Exp Therap 224:l4l l47, l983.

43. Sugiyama Y, Yamada T, and Kaplowitz N: Newly identified bile acid binders in rat liver cytosol: Purification and comparison with glutathione S transferases. J Biol Chem 258:3602 3607, l983.

44. Sugiyama Y and Kaplowitz N: Binding of glutathione by rat liver cytosol. Pharmacology 28:6l 66, l984.

45. Stolz A, Yamada T, Sugiyama Y, Belknap W, and Kaplowitz, N: Quantitation and characterization of a newly described organic anion binder (dv) by radioimmunoassay. Biochim Biophys Acta 800:l7l l77, l984.

46. Aw TY, Ookhtens, M, and Kaplowitz N: Inhibition of glutathione efflux from isolated hepatocytes by methionine. J Biol Chem 259:9355 9358, l984.

47. Robert A, Eberle D, and Kaplowitz N: Role of sulfhydryls in gastric mucosal protection. Am J Physiol 247:296 304, l984.

48. Sugiyama Y, Stolz A, Sugimoto M, and Kaplowitz N: Comparison of binding affinities of 5 forms of glutathione S transferase for bilirubin, BSP and Hematin. Biochem Pharm 33:35ll 35l3, l984.

49. Sugiyama Y, Stolz, A, Sugimoto M, Hershman J, and Kaplowitz N: Comparison of binding of thyroid hormone analogues to hepatic organic anion binding proteins, ligandin and DV protein. Biochim Biophys Acta 80l:l84 l88, 1984.

50. Sugiyama Y, Stolz A, Sugimoto M, Yamada T, and Kaplowitz N: Identification of an unique phenolic steroid sulfotransferase in rat liver cytosol. Biochem J 224:947 953, l984.

51. Stolz A, Sugiyama Y, Kuhlenkamp J, Sugimoto M, and Kaplowitz N: Identification and purification of bile acid binder in human hepatic cytosol. FEBS Lett l77:3l 35, l984.

52. Sugiyama Y, Stolz A, Sugimoto M, and Kaplowitz N: Evidence for a common high affinity binding site on glutathione S transferase B for lithocholic acid and bilirubin. J Lipid Res 25:ll77 ll83, 1984.

53. Ookhtens M, Corvasce C, Hobdy K, Aw TY, and Kaplowitz N: Sinusoidal efflux of glutathione in the perfused rat liver. J Clin Invest 75:258 265, l985.

54. Olson C, Soll A, and Kaplowitz N: Role of Thiol disulfide status in regulation of canine parietal cell function. J Biol Chem 260:8020 8025, l985.

55. Lyon I and Kaplowitz N: Acetaldehyde dependent oxidation of GSH catalyzed by rat hepatic cytosol. BBRC l29:949 957, l985.

56. Sugimoto M, Kuhlenkamp J, Aw TY, Ookhtens M, and Kaplowitz N: g glutamylcysteine is a substrate for the glutathione S transferases. Biochem Pharm 34:3643 3647, l985.

57. Cerra FB, Cheung NK, Fischer JE, Kaplowitz N, Schiff E, Dienstag JL, Bower RH, Mabry CD, Leevy CM, and Kiernan T: Disease specific amino acid infusion (F080) in hepatic encephalopathy: A prospective randomized, double blind controlled trial. J of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition 9:288 295, l985.

58. Takikawa H, Sugiyama Y, Stolz A, Sugimoto M, and Kaplowitz N: Organic anion binding by human GSH S transferases. Biochem Pharm 35:354 356, l986.

59. Aw TY, Ookhtens M, Ren C, and Kaplowitz N: Kinetics of GSH efflux from freshly isolated rat hepatocytes. Am J Physiol 250:G236 243, l986.

60. Stolz A, Sugiyama Y, Balistreri BV, Belknap W, Kuhlenkamp J, Yamada T, and Kaplowitz N: Radioimmunoassay for hepatic bile acid binding protein: Molecular forms, distribution and development. Hepatology 6:433 439, l986.

61. Takikawa H, Stolz A, Sugimoto M, Sugiyama Y, Kuhlenkamp J, and Kaplowitz N: Comparison of the affinities of newly identified human bile acid binder and cationic glutathione S transferase for bile acids. J Lipid Res 27:652 657, 1986.

62. Aw TY, Ookhtens M, and Kaplowitz N: Mechanism of inhibition of glutathione efflux from isolated rat hepatocytes by methionine. Am J Physiol 251:G354 361, l986.

63. Takikawa H, Sugiyama Y, and Kaplowitz N: Binding of bile acids by rat hepatic GSH S transferases. J Lipid Res 27:955 966, 1986.

64. Takikawa H and Kaplowitz N: Binding of bile acids, organic anions and oleic acid by rat and human Z protein. Arch Biochem Biophys 25l:385 392, l986.

65. Takikawa H, Stolz A, and Kaplowitz N: Purification of a 32,5 kD monomeric sulfotransferase from rat liver cytosol with activity for bile acids and phenolic steroids. FEBS Lett 207:193 197, l986.

66. Stolz A, Takikawa H, Sugiyama Y, Kuhlenkamp J, and Kaplowitz N: 3ahydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity of the Y' bile acid binders in rat liver cytosol: Identification, kinetics and physiologic significance. J Clin Invest 79:427 434, l987.

67. Aw TY, Ookhtens M, Kuhlenkamp J, and Kaplowitz N: Trans stimulation and driving forces for GSH transport in sinusoidal membrane vesicles from rat liver. BBRC l43:377 382 1987.

68. Sugimoto M, Takikawa H, Stolz A, and Kaplowitz N: Subunit heterogeneity of human cationic hepatic glutathione S transferases. Pharmacology 35:65 78, l987.

69. Seeff LB, Beebe GW, Hoofnagle JH, Norman JE, Buskell Bales Z, Waggoner JG, Kaplowitz N, et al: A serologic follow up of the l942 epidemic of post vaccinal hepatitis in the U.S. Army. NEJM 3l6:965 970, l987.

70. Fernandez Checa J, Ookhtens M, and Kaplowitz N: Effect of chronic ethanol feeding on rat hepatocytic glutathione: compartmentation, efflux, and response to incubation with ethanol. J Clin Invest 80:57 62, 1987.

71. Ookhtens M, Lyon I, and Kaplowitz N: Effect of age on sinusoidal GSH efflux in the perfused rat liver. Biochem Pharm 36:4015 4017, l987.

72. Takikawa H, Stolz A, and Kaplowitz N: Cyclical oxidation reduction of the C3 position on bile acids catalyzed by 3a hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase: I. Studies with the purified enzyme from rat liver, isolated rat hepatocytes and inhibition by indomethacin. J Clin Invest 80:852 860, 1987.

73. Takikawa H, Ookhtens M, Stolz A, and Kaplowitz N: Cyclical oxidation reduction of the C3 position on bile acids catalyzed by 3a hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase: II. Studies in the prograde and retrograde perfused rat liver and inhibition by indomethacin. J Clin Invest 80:861 866, 1987.

74. Takikawa H and Kaplowitz N: Comparison of the binding sites of GSH S transferases of the Ya and Yb subunit classes: effect of GSH on the binding of bile acids. J Lipid Res 29:279 286, l988.

75. Takikawa H, Sugiyama Y, Sugimoto M, and Kaplowitz N: Comparison of the effects of bile acids and GSH on fluorescence of bound l anilino 8 naphthalene sulfonate and on the enzymatic activity of cationic and neutral human hepatic GSH S transferases. Biochim Biophys Acta 954:37 43, 1988.

76. Ookhtens M, Fernandez Checa J, Lyon I, and Kaplowitz N: Inhibition of GSH efflux in the perfused rat liver and isolated hepatocytes by organic anions and bilirubin: Kinetics, sidedness and molecular forms. J Clin Invest 82:608-616, l988.

77. Fernandez Checa J, Ren C, Aw TY, Ookhtens M, and Kaplowitz N: Effect of membrane potential and cellular ATP on GSH efflux from isolated rat hepatocytes. Am J Physiol, 18:G403 408, l988.

78. Lu SC, Kuhlenkamp J, Robert A, and Kaplowitz N: The role of glutathione status in susceptibility to ethanol induced gastric lesions. Pharmacology 38:57 60, l989.

79. Fernandez Checa J, Ookhtens M, and Kaplowitz N: Effects of chronic ethanol feeding on rat hepatocytic glutathione: Relationship of cytosolic GSH to efflux and mitochondrial sequestration. J Clin Invest 83:1247 1252, 1989.

80. Takikawa H, Stolz A, Sugiyama Y, Yoshida H, Yamanaka M, and Kaplowitz N: Relationship between the newly identified bile acid binder and bile acid oxidoreductases in human liver. J Biol Chem 265:2132 2136, 1990.

81. Takikawa H, Stolz A, Kuroki S, and Kaplowitz N: Oxidation and reduction of bile acid presursors by rat hepatic 3a hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and inhibition by bile acids and indomethacin. Biochim Biophys Acta,1043:153-156, 1990.

82. Fernandez Checa J, Ookhtens M, and Kaplowitz N: Effect of GSH synthesis on the inhibition of GSH efflux by methionine: Studies in isolated hepatocytes and perfused liver. Am J Physiol, 258: G967-973,1990.

83. Kannan R, Kuhlenkamp J, Jeandidier E, Trinh H, Ookhtens M, and Kaplowitz N: Evidence for carrier mediated transport of glutathione across the blood brain barrier in the rat. J Clin Invest, 85:2009-2013, 1990.

84. Gish RG, Garcia C, Reedy T, Kaplowitz N, and Langer GA: Calcium compartmentation and exchange rates in primary hepatocyte culture. Anal Biochem, 187:187-196, 1990

85. Fernandez Checa J, and Kaplowitz N: The use of monochlorobimane to determine hepatic GSH levels and synthesis. Anal. Biochem 190:212-219, 1990.

86. Lu S, Garcia Ruiz, C, Kuhlenkamp J, Ookhtens M, Salas Prato M, and Kaplowitz N: Hormonal regulation of hepatic GSH efflux: Studies in cultured rat hepatocytes and perfused liver. J Biol Chem, 265:16088-16095, 1990.

87. Fernandez Checa J, Garcia-Ruiz C, Ookhtens M, and Kaplowitz N: Impaired uptake of glutathione by hepatic mitrochondria from chronic ethanol-fed rats: tracer kinetic studies in vitro and in vivo and susceptibility to oxidant stress. J Clin. Invest. 87:397-405, 1991.

88. Lu S, Garcia-Ruiz C, Kuhlenkamp J, and Kaplowitz N: Hormonally-mediated down-regulation of hepatic GSH synthesis in the rat. J Clin. Invest, 88:260-269, 1991.

89. Takikawa H, Fernandez-Checa J, Kuklenkamp J, Stolz A, Ookhtens M and Kaplowitz N. Effect of indomethacin on the uptake, metabolism, and excretion of 3-oxo-cholic acid: studies in isolated hepatocytes and perfused rat liver. Biochim. Biophys Acta, 1084:247-250, 1991.

90. Saiki H, Chan E, Wong E, Yamamuro W, Ookhtens M, and Kaplowitz N: Zonation of cysteine uptake in the perfused rat liver. J Biol Chem, 267:192-196, 1992.

91. Fernandez-Checa J, Takikawa H, Ookhtens M, and Kaplowitz N: Canalicular transport of GSH in normal and EHBR mutant rats. J Biol Chem, 267:1667-1673, 1992.

92. Koo A, Komatsu H, Inoue M, Guth P, and Kaplowitz N: Contribution of "no reflow" phenomenon to hepatic injury following ischemia reperfusion: evidence for a role for superoxide anion. Hepatology, 15:507-514, 1992.

93. Komatsu H, Koo A, Ghadishah E, Zeng H, Kuhlenkamp J, Inoue M, Guth P and Kaplowitz N: Neutrophil accumulation in ischemic, reperfused rat liver: evidence for a role for superoxide free radicals. Am. J. Physiol., G669-676, 1992.

94. Yoshida H, Yusin M, Kuhlenkamp J, Ren I, Stolz A and Kaplowitz N: Immunochemical characterization of the hepatic tocopherol binding protein of rat liver cytosol. J. Lipid Res., 33:343-350, 1992.

95. Yasue N, Chan E, Kaplowitz N, and Guth P: Effect of phorone and allopurinol on ischemic-reperfusion injury in the gastrointestinal mucosa of the rat. Pharmacology, 44:334-343, 1992.

96. Lu S, Ge J, Kuhlenkamp J and Kaplowitz N: Insulin and glucocorticoid dependence of hepatic glutamylcysteine synthetase and GSH synthesis in the rat. Studies cultured hepatocytes and in vivo. J Clin Invest, 90:524-532, 1992.

97. Yoshida H, Kuronuma Y, Iyima M, Harada T, Kuhlenkamp J and Kaplowitz N: Relationship between biliary secretion of bilirubin and glutathione in the rat. Gastro Jap., 27:369-373, 1992.

98. Hirano T, Kaplowitz N, Tsukamoto H, Kamimura S, and Fernandez-Checa J: Hepatic mitochondrial GSH depletion and progression of experimental alcoholic liver disease. Hepatology, 16:1423-1427, 1992.

99. Garcia-Ruiz C, Fernandez-Checa J and Kaplowitz N: Bidirectional mechanism of plasma membrane transport of reduced GSH in hepatocytes and membrane vesicles. J. Biol. Chem., 267:22256-22264, 1992.

100. Kannan R, Kuhlenkamp J, Ookhtens M and Kaplowitz N: Transport of GSH at the blood-brain barrier of the rat: inhibition and age-dependence. J Pharm Exp Therap, 263:964-970, 1992.

101. Fernandez-Checa J, Yi J, Garcia-Ruiz C, Knezic Z, Tahara S, and Kaplowitz N: Expression of rat liver GSH transport in Xenopus laevis oocytes. J. Biol. Chem, 268:2324-2328, 1993.

102. Fernandez-Checa J, Ookhtens M and Kaplowitz, N: Selective induction by phenobarbital of the electrogenic transport of GSH and organic anions in rat liver canalicular membrane vesicles. J. Biol. Chem., 268:10836-10841, 1993.

103. Lu S, Ge J-L, Huang H-Y, Kuhlenkamp J and Kaplowitz N: Thiol-disulfide effects on hepatic GSH transport: Studies in cultured rat hepatocytes and perfused livers. J. Clin. Invest. 92:1188-1197, 1993.

104. Kuhlenkamp J, Ronk J, Yusin M, Stolz A and Kaplowitz N: Identification and purification of a tocopherol binding protein from human liver. Protein Express. and Purific. 4:382-389, 1993.

105. Sze G, Kaplowitz N, Ookhtens M and Lu S: Bidirectional membrane transport of GSH in HepG2 cells. Am J. Physiol., 265:G1128-G1134, 1993.

106. Yi J, Lu S, Fernandez-Checa J, and Kaplowitz N: Expression cloning of a rat hepatic reduced glutathione transporter with canalicular characteristics, J. Clin. Invest., 93:1841-1845, 1994.

107. Garcia-Ruiz C, Morales A, Ballesta A, Rodes J, Kaplowitz N and Fernandez-Checa J: Effect of chronic ethanol feeding on glutathione and functional integrity of mitochondria in periportal and perivenous rat hepatocytes. J. Clin. Invest., 94:193-201, 1994.

108. Torres AM, Kaplowitz N and Tiribelli C: Role of BSP/Bilirubin binding protein and bilitranslocase in GSH uptake in rat basolateral liver plasma membrane vesicles. BBRC, 200:1079-1085, 1994.

109. Lu S, Kuhlenkamp J, Ge J-L, Sun Wei-Min and Kaplowitz N: Specificity and directionality of thiol effects on sinusoidal GSH transport in rat liver. Mol. Pharm., 46:578-585, 1994.

110. Zlokovic B, Mackic J, McCombs G, Weiss M, Kaplowitz N and Kannan R: Evidence for transcapillary transport of reduced glutathione in vascular perfused guinea-pig brain. BBRC 201:402-408, 1994.

111. Yamamuro W, Stolz A, Takikawa H, Sugimoto M and Kaplowitz N: Distribution of 3µ-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (bile acid binder) in rat small intestine: Comparison with glutathione S-transferase subunits. J. Gastroent. 29:115-119, 1994.

112. Zlokovic B, Mackic J, McComb J, Kaplowitz N, Weiss M, and Kannan R: Blood-to-lens transport of reduced glutathione in an in situ perfused guinea-pig eye. Exp. Eye Res. 59:487-496, 1994.

113. Garcia-Ruiz C, Morales A, Ballesta A, Rodes J, Kaplowitz N, and Fernandez-Checa J: Feeding s-adenosyl-L-methionine attenuates both ethanol-induced depletion of mitochondrial GSH and mitochondrial dysfunction in periportal and perivenous hepatocytes. Hepatology, 21:207-214, 1995.

114. Yi J, Lu S, Fernandez-Checa J, and Kaplowitz N. Expression cloning of the cDNA for a polypeptide associated with rat hepatic sinusoidal reduced glutathione transport: Characteristics and comparison with the canalicular transporter. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 92:1495-1499, 1995.

115. Garcia-Ruiz C, Morales A, Colell A, Yi J, Rodes J, Kaplowitz N and Fernandez-Checa J: Evidence that the rat hepatic mitochondrial carrier for reduced glutathione is distinct from the sinusoidal and canalicular transporters: expression studies in Xenopus laevis oocytes. J Biol Chem 270:15946-15949, 1995.

116. Kannan R, Yi J, Zlokovic B and Kaplowitz N: Molecular characterization of a reduced glutathione transporter in the lens. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 36:1785-1792, 1995.

117. Runnegar M and Kaplowitz N: Microcystin uptake and inhibition of protein phosphatases: Effects of chemoprotectants and self-inhibition in relation to the characteristics of known hepatic transporters. Tox Appl Pharm, 134:264-272, 1995.

118. Garcia-Ruiz C, Colell A, Morales A, Kaplowitz N and Fernandez-Checa J: Role of oxidative stress generated from the mitochondrial electron transport chain and mitochondrial glutathione status in loss of mitochondrial function and activation of transcription factor NF-KB. Mol Pharm, 48:825-834, 1995.

119. Mackic J, Jinagouda S, McComb J, Weiss M, Kannan R, Kaplowitz N, and Zlokovic B: Transport of circulating reduced glutathione at the basolateral side of the anterior lens epithelium: physiologic importance and manipulations. Exp Eye Res 62:29-37, 1996.

120. DeLeve L, Wang X, Kuhlenkamp J, and Kaplowitz N: Selective toxicity to sinusoidal endothelial cells by agents that cause hepatic veno-occlusive disease is modulated by GSH: azathioprine and monocrotaline. Hepatology, 23:589-599, 1996.

121. Lu S, Sun W-M, Yi J, Sze G, and Kaplowitz N: Role of two recently cloned rat liver GSH transporters in the ubiquitous transport of GSH in mammalian cells. J Clin Invest, 97:1488-1496, 1996.

122. Kannan R, Yi J, Tang D, Li Y, Zlokovic B, and Kaplowitz N: Evidence for the existence of a sodium-dependent GSH transporter: expression of bovine brain capillary mRNA in Xenopus laevis oocytes and dissociation from gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase and facilitative GSH transporters. J Biol Chem, 271:9754-9758, 1996.

123. Takikawa H, Sugiyama Y, Fernandez-Checa J, Kuhlenkamp J, Ookhtens M and Kaplowitz N: Evidence that interference with binding to hepatic cytosol binders can inhibit bile acid excretion in rats. Hepatology, 23:1642-1649, 1996.

124. Fernandez-Checa J, Garcia-Ruiz C and Kaplowitz N. Specificity and sidedness of thioether inhibition of the sinusoidal GSH transporter. Am J Physiol, 33:969-975, 1996.

125. Lu SC, Wu H, Stone L, Kuhlenkamp J, Sun W-M, and Kaplowitz N: Progressive defect in biliary GSH secretion in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Am J Physiol, in press, 1996.

126. Lu SC, Cai J, Kuhlenkamp J, Sun W-M, Takikawa H, Takenaka O, Horie T, Yi J, and Kaplowitz N: Alterations in glutathione homeostasis in mutant Eisai hyperbilirubinemic rats. Hepatology, in press 1996.

127. Kannan R, Yi JR, Tang D, Zlokovic B and Kaplowitz N: Identification of a novel, sodium-dependent reduced glutathione transporter in the rat lens epithelium. Invest Ophth Vis Sci, in press, 1996.

128. Kannan R, Tang D, Yi J and Kaplowitz N: Carrier-mediated transport of reduced glutathione (GSH) and evidence for the presence of the canalicular GSH transporter (RcGshT) in primary cultured rat astrocytes. BBRC, submitted 1996.

129. Yi J, Mittur A, Kannan R, Lu S, Javahery R, Tang D, Ookhtens M and Kaplowitz N: cDNA cloning of the human sinusoidal and canalicular GSH transporter-associated polypeptides: new insights into the basis for high and low Km GSH transport. J Clin Invest, submitted 1996.

130. Mackic J, Kannan R, Kaplowitz N, and Zlokovic B: Low de novo GSH synthesis from circulating amino acids in the lens epithelium. Exp Eye Res, submitted 1996.

131. DeLeve L, Wang X, Kaplowitz N, Bart J, and van der Hoek A: Sinusoidal endothelial cells as a target for acetaminophen toxicity: direct action versus requirement for hepatocyte activation in different mouse strains. Biochem Pharm, submitted 1996 (revision).

132. Colell A, García-Ruiz C, Morales A, Ballesta A, Ookhtens M, Rodés J, Kaplowitz N, and Fernández-Checa JC: Transport of reduced glutathione in hepatic mitochondria from ethanol-treated rats: Effect of membrane physical-chemical properties and s-adenosyl-l-methionine. J Clin Invest, submitted 1996.

Invited Reviews, Symposia and Book Chapters

1. Kaplowitz N and Clifton G: The glutathione S transferases in liver and kidney of the rat: Drug induction, hormonal influences and organic anion binding. (Glutathione: Metabolism and Function, Raven l975) 30l 308, l976.

2. Kaplowitz N: Dietary protein in hepatic encephalopathy. Nutrition and the M.D. III, NO. 3:3, l977.

3. Kaplowitz N: Cholestatic liver disease. Hospital Practice, August, l978.

4. Kaplowitz N, Yamada T, and Ludwig S: Alcoholic and drug induced liver diseases and bilirubin metabolism. In Current Gastroenterology and Hepatology Vol I, 3l0 337, l979, Houghton Mifflin, Boston.

5. Kaplowitz N, Eberle D, and Yamada T: Hepatic drug metabolism and toxicity. (Chapter) in Current Hepatology Vol. I, l8l 2ll, l980.

6. Melmed S, Nelson M, Kaplowitz N, Yamada T, and Hershman J: Role of intracellular glutathione in modulation of T4 to T3 conversion by cultured pituitary cells. 8th International Thyroid Congress, Proc. 453 454, l980.

7. Kaplowitz N: Cholestatic liver disease. Wadsworth Rounds 19:97 112, 1980.

8. Kaplowitz N: The physiologic significance of glutathione S transferases. Am J Physiol 239:439 444, l980.

9. Touloukian J and Kaplowitz N: Halothane induced hepatic disease. Seminars in Liver Disease l:l34 l42, l98l.

10. Kaplowitz N: The interactions between ethanol and drugs. In Alcoholism and Alcohol-induced Liver Disease, 397 4l2, l98l.

11. Kaplowitz N, Eberle D, and Yamada T: Biochemical tests for hepatobiliary disease. In Hepatology, ed. by D Zakim and TD Boyer, Saunders Co., 583 6l2, l982.

12. Kaplowitz N: Clinical approach to the jaundiced patient. In Practical Gastroenterology, Houghton Mifflin, Boston, 75 96, l982.

13. Kaplowitz N: Cholelithiasis: Diagnosis, complications and management. In Practical Gastroenterology, Houghton Mifflin, Boston, 280 297, l982.

14. Kaplowitz N: Drug induced and alcoholic liver diseases. In Practical Gastroenterology, Houghton Mifflin, Boston, l95 232, l982.

15. Kaplowitz N, Eberle D, Yamada T, and Touloukian J: Hepatic drug metabolism and drug induced liver disease. In Current Hepatology Vol 2, l95 232, l982.

16. Kaplowitz N: The importance and regulation of hepatic glutathione. Yale J Biol Med 54:497 502, l982.

17. Kaplowitz N: Propylthiouracil for the treatment of alcoholic liver disease. Gastroenterology 82:l468 l472, l982.

18. Eberle D and Kaplowitz N: Drug induced liver disease. In Gastroenterology, ed. G. Gitnick, John Wiley & Sons, 28l 3l0, l983.

l9. Kaplowitz N: (MKSAP VI) The liver and biliary tract (ACP, l983).

20. Kaplowitz N: Propylthiouracil in protection against alcohol and other hepatotoxins, in Mechanism of Hepatocyte Injury and Death (Falk 38), 379 387, 1984, MTP Press, London.

21. Kaplowitz N, Maitra S, Rachmilewitz D, and Eberle D: Hepatocellular uptake of endotoxin in the rat, in Mechanism of Hepatocyte Injury and Death (Falk 38), 215 223, 1984, MTP Press, London.

22. Kaplowitz N, Stolz A, and Sugiyama Y: Bile acid binding proteins in hepatic cytosol in The Enterohepatic Circulation of Sterols and Bile Acids (Falk Symposium 42), 67 76, MTP Press, London 1985.

23. Aw TY, Hanna P, Petrini J, and Kaplowitz N: Hepatic drug metabolism and hepatotoxicity. In Current Hepatology, vol. 5, ll3 l96, l985.

24. Kaplowitz N, Ookhtens M, and Aw TY: The regulation of hepatic glutathione. In Ann Rev Pharm Tox 25:7l5 744 l985.

25. Kaplowitz N, Aw TY, Simon F, and Stolz A: Drug hepatotoxicity. Ann Int Med 104:826 839, 1986.

26. Kaplowitz N: Drug induced hepatotoxicity. In Current Hepatology, vol 6:239 268, l986.

27. Kaplowitz N: Drug induced hepatotoxicity. In Current Hepatology 7:69 102, 1987.

28. Stolz A, Takikawa H, and Kaplowitz N: Identification of the Y' binders of rat liver cytosol as 3ahydroxysteroid dehydrogenases. In: Bile Acids and the Liver (Falk Symposium 45) MTP Press, 125 135, 1987.

29. Kaplowitz N: Practical approach to liver disease. In Principles and Practices of Gastroententerology, ed. G Gitnick, Elsevier Press,1047 1050, l988.

30. Kaplowitz N, Aw TY, Stolz AS: Drug Hepatotoxicity. In Principles and Practices of Gastroenterology, ed. G Gitnick, Elsevier Press, 1089 1102, l988.

31. Kaplowitz N: Principles of drug metabolism and their contribution to understanding hepatotoxicity. In Current Hepatology an Update on Science and Practice, pp. 159 170, 1988.

32. Stolz A, Takikawa H, Ookhtens M and Kaplowitz N: The physiologic role of cytosolic proteins in hepatic bile acid transport. Ann Rev Physiol, 51:161 176, 1988.

33. Lu S and Kaplowitz N: Drug induced liver disease. In Current Hepatology Vol 9:105 139, l989.

34. Kaplowitz N: Hepatic biotransformation, In Textbook of Internal Medicine, (first edition) ed. W Kelly, pp. 482 486, l989.

35. Kaplowitz N, Fernandez Checa J, and Ookhtens M: Alcohol, glutathione and hepatotoxicity. In Nutrition and the Origins of Disease, ed. CH Halsted and RB Rucker, Academic Press, pp. 267 283, 1989.

36. Kaplowitz N, Fernandez Checa J and Ookhtens M: Hepatic GSH transport. In Glutathione Centennial: Molecular Perspectives and Clinical Implications, Academic Press, Inc., 395 406, 1989.

37. Stolz A and Kaplowitz N: Biochemical tests for hepatobiliary disease. In Hepatology, eds. D Zakim and TD Boyer, Saunders Co., 637 667, 1989.

38. Kaplowitz N, Yoshida H, Kuhlenkamp J, et al: Tocopherol binding proteins of hepatic cytosol. In Vitamin E: Biochemistry and Health Implications NY Acad Sci, 570:85 94, 1989.

39. Ookhtens M and Kaplowitz N: Use of isolated perfused liver in studies of biological transport processes. In Methods in Enzymology. Eds. S Fleischer and B Fleischer, 192:485-495, l990.

40. DeLeve L and Kaplowitz N: Importance and regulation of hepatic glutathione. Seminars in Liver Diseases, 10:251-266, 1990.

41. DeLeve L and Kaplowitz N: Glutathione metabolism and its role in hepatotoxicity, Pharmacology Therapeutics, 52:287-305, 1991.

42. Chan E and Kaplowitz N: Drug induced liver disease. In Current Hepatology, Vol. 10:95 118, 1991.

43. Lu S and Kaplowitz N: Diseases of the Biliary Tract. In Textbook of Gastroenterology, ed. T Yamada, pp 1990-2021, 1991 (FIRST EDITION).

44. Lu S and Kaplowitz N: Acetaminophen hepatotoxicity. In Gastrointestinal Emergencies (Williams & Wilkins, ed. Tayler), pp 279-289, 1991.

45. Kaplowitz N: Hepatic biotransformation. In Textbook of Internal Medicine (second edition), ed. W Kelly, pp 435-440, 1992.

46. Kaplowitz N: Drug metabolism and hepatotoxicity. In Liver and Biliary Diseases (ed. N Kaplowitz), Williams & Wilkins, pp 82-97, 1992.

47. Fernandez-Checa J, Garcia-Ruiz C, Ookhtens M and Kaplowitz N: Effect of methionine and organic anions on the efflux of hepatic GSH. In Methionine metabolism: Molecular Mechanism and Clinical Implications, edited by Mato, J. et al., pp 109-113, 1992.

48. Kaplowitz N, Lu S, Ookhtens M, Fernandez-Checa J, Garcia-Ruiz C, and Saiki H: Regulation of hepatic GSH synthesis and efflux. In Methionine Metabolism: Molecular Mechanism and Clinical Implications, edited by Mato, J et al., pp 121-125, 1992.

49. Lu S, Kaplowitz N and Hamlin N: Diseases of the Biliary Tree. In Atlas of Gastroenterology, ed. T. Yamada, pp 353-361, 1992.

50. Fernandez-Checa J, Lu S, Ookhtens M, DeLeve L, Runnegar M, Yoshida H, Saiki H, Garcia-Ruiz C, Kuhlenkamp J and Kaplowitz N: The regulation of hepatic glutathione. In Physiology and Disorders of Hepatic Anion Transport and Bile Secretion, ed. N Tavoloni and PD Berk, M. Dekker publisher, pp 363-395, 1993.

51. Fernandez-Checa J, Hirano T and Tsukamoto H and Kaplowitz N: Mitochondrial GSH depletion in alcoholic liver disease. Alcohol, 10:469-475, 1993.

52. Holeski C and Kaplowitz N: New developments in drug hepatotoxicity. Curr. Opinion in Gastroent., 10:313-318, 1994.

53. DeLeve L and Kaplowitz N: Mechanisms of drug induced liver disease. Gastroent. Clin. N.A., 24:787-810, 1995.

54. Kaplowitz N, Fernandez-Checa JC, and Yi J-R: Mechanisms of canalicular GSH secretion. In Transport in the Liver (Falk Symposium No. 74 ed. D. Keppler and K. Jungermann), pp 166-177, 1994 (Kluwer Academic Publishers).

55. Lu S and Kaplowitz N: Diseases of the Biliary Tract. In Textbook of Gastroenterology, ed. T. Yamada, pp 2212-2254, 1995 (SECOND EDITION).

56. Kaplowitz N, Ookhtens M and Lu SC: Sinusoidal efflux of hepatic GSH: significance, physiology and regulation. In Biothiols in Health and Disease (ed. E. Cadenas and L Packer) Marcel Dekker, Inc. pp 213-229, 1995.

57. Kaplowitz N: Drug metabolism and hepatotoxicity. In Liver and Biliary Diseases (ed. N Kaplowitz), Williams & Wilkins, 2nd Edition, in press, 1996.

58. Tsukamoto H and Kaplowitz N: Pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease. In Liver and Biliary Diseases (ed. N Kaplowitz), Williams & Wilkins, 2nd Edition in press, 1996.

59. Pham T, Lu S, and Kaplowitz N: Acetaminophen hepatotoxicity. In Gastrointestinal Emergencies (Williams & Wilkins, ed. Taylor), in press, 1996.

60. Sze G and Kaplowitz N: Fulminant liver injury from drugs and toxins. In Fulminant Hepatic Failure (ed. RW Williams W Lee), in press, 1996.

61. Krahenbuhl S and Kaplowitz N: Drug-induced hepatotoxicity: Clinical presentation, pathogenesis, risk factors, diagnosis and treatment. Falk Symposium, Kluwer Press, in press, 1996.

62. Fernandez-Checa J, Yi J, and Kaplowitz N: Plasma membrane and mitochondrial transport of hepatic glutathione. Seminars in Liver Disease. In press, 1996.

63. Kaplowitz N, Fernandez-Checa J, and Yi J: GSH transporters: Molecular characterization and role in GSH homeostasis. Biol Chem Hoppe-Seylers, in press, 1996.

64. Kaplowitz N, and Tsukamoto H. Oxidative stress and liver diseases. Prog in Liver Disease, in press, 1996.

65. Kaplowitz N, Fernández-Checa JC, Ookhtens M, Mittur A, Lu SC, Kannan R, and Yi JR. Canalicular GSH transport in the liver. FASEB J, in press, 1996.

Books

1. Kaplowitz N, Associate Editor: Principles and Practices of Gastroenterology, ed. G Gitnick , Elsevier Press, 1988.

2. Kaplowitz N, Guest Editor, Drug Hepatotoxicity, in Seminars in Liver Disease, Vol. 10 (No.4), 1990.

3. Kaplowitz N, Editor, Liver and Biliary Diseases, Williams & Wilkins, 1992 (First Edition).

4. Mato JM, Lieber C, Kaplowitz N, Caballero A: editors, Methionine Metabolism: Molecular Mechanism and Clinical Implications. CSClC, 1992.

5. Kaplowitz N, Editor-in-Chief, "A Research Agenda for 25 Million Americans: Research Goals and Strategies to Treat, Prevent and Conquer Liver Disease". American Liver Foundation, pp 1-76, 1995.

6. Kaplowitz N, Editor, Liver and Biliary Diseases, Williams & Wilkins, in press 1996 (SECOND EDITION).